{"id":9476,"date":"2024-11-30T19:00:34","date_gmt":"2024-11-30T19:00:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/youthdemocracycohort.com\/?post_type=storiesprojects&#038;p=9476"},"modified":"2025-11-20T16:56:43","modified_gmt":"2025-11-20T16:56:43","slug":"epoch-i-1980-2000-setting-the-scene","status":"publish","type":"storiesprojects","link":"https:\/\/youthdemocracycohort.com\/fr\/stories\/epoch-i-1980-2000-setting-the-scene\/","title":{"rendered":"Epoch I 1980-2000: Setting the Scene"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div style=\"height:53px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-light-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-f04968dfc6a6e4b4252210c1fbbce0c5\" style=\"color:#ffffff\">This content is inspired by The Youth Political Participation Literature and Policy review 1980-2023 &#8211; <strong><em>Epoch I Setting the Scene<\/em><\/strong>&#8211; as outlined in the Youth Democracy Cohort&rsquo;s scoping study on youth political participation. The study presents a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of youth-related policies and practices from 1980 to 2023. It is based on a literature and policy review, examining youth involvement in political affairs, electoral participation, and civil society engagement within democratic contexts. The findings are framed within four distinct epochs, offering insights for policymakers and programme designers aiming to foster youth-inclusive democratic practices. While the content draws on these findings, it does not represent a verbatim excerpt or official position of the Youth Democracy Cohort.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This epoch is characterised by exploring <strong>children, minors, and youth<\/strong> as a specific group that should be of attention to policymakers. This has to do with the general trends of <strong>widening suffrage<\/strong>, exercising <strong>inclusion<\/strong> as one of the core democratic values, and protecting the <strong>rights of minorities<\/strong> and sub-groups of given populations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Global Trends and Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>It is apparent that these trends are inherently linked to democratic countries at a certain level of development, i.e. mostly to the countries of the <strong>Global North<\/strong>, but manifested globally as well (e.g. via the <strong>UN<\/strong>). The exploration of youth and children as specific groups is completed ad-hoc and connects to various topics such as <strong>youth work<\/strong>, <strong>education<\/strong>, and <strong>democratic participation<\/strong>. These topics will be considered core youth policymaking domains until the beginning of Epoch IV when <strong>mainstreaming and cross-sectoral approaches<\/strong> truly gain momentum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Defining Youth Rights<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Young people and children are first defined by elaborating on their <strong>rights<\/strong> in concrete contexts (e.g. the <strong>UN<\/strong>, <strong>EU<\/strong>, etc.). At the UN level, this is typified by:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The creation of the <strong>first-ever International Youth Year<\/strong>, devoted to the topic of young people, including youth participation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The landmark adoption of the <strong>UN Convention on the Rights of the Child<\/strong>, including <strong>Article 12<\/strong> and the <strong>right to be heard<\/strong>, which established a foundational rights-based definition of child and youth participation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>A Rights-Based Narrative<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>Convention<\/strong> went on to become the most widely ratified human rights treaty in history. <strong>Child and youth political participation<\/strong> is therefore frequently explored in this <strong>rights-based narrative<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Children and youth have the <strong>right<\/strong> to engage in a narrow set of matters directly concerning them.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Policies should ideally support children and youth in utilising traditional mechanisms of <strong>representative democracy<\/strong>, such as <strong>voting<\/strong> and <strong>running for office<\/strong>.<br>The ultimate aim is <strong>social cohesion<\/strong> and <strong>social peace<\/strong>, achieved by including young people in political participation processes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Policy Inclusion<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In this context, it can also be observed that <strong>children, minors, and youth<\/strong> are frequently covered by more general documents which aim at the inclusion of various groups into political and democratic processes (e.g. <strong>women<\/strong>, <strong>minorities<\/strong>, <strong>people with disabilities<\/strong>, etc.). The term <strong>\u201cchildren\u201d<\/strong> is more frequently mentioned than <strong>\u201cyouth\u201d<\/strong> or <strong>\u201cyoung people\u201d<\/strong>, showcasing the <strong>narrow definitions<\/strong> used in this initial epoch. This also reflects a broader trend in youth policymaking: the <strong>widening definition<\/strong> of \u201cyouth.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Milestones in International Youth Policy<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Key developments during this epoch include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The adoption of the <strong>UN World Programme of Action for Youth<\/strong>, marking the first policy framework at the international level aimed at supporting youth development and participation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The establishment of <strong>international policy gatherings<\/strong>, such as the <strong>World Conference of Ministers Responsible for Youth<\/strong>, which demonstrated an acceleration of focus on youth policies at the national level, supported by an international youth policy agenda.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The main policy developments in the area of youth participation include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The identification of <strong>children, minors, and youth<\/strong> as target groups of <strong>rights and policies<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The framing of <strong>youth political participation<\/strong> as a domain of general policymaking in the context of <strong>inclusion efforts<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Foundational Concepts for Future Epochs<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Generally speaking, the main building blocks of upcoming political debates within future epochs are established:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Key terms<\/strong> are coined.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Youth<\/strong> starts to emerge as a wider category than children, with specific attributes that need further exploration. For example, youth combines <strong>minors<\/strong> and <strong>young adults<\/strong>, two groups with very different legal and rights-based implications in terms of care, protection, and participation in democratic mechanisms, such as age-based <strong>voting rights<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Influential Policy Documents<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The key policy document that is still highly influential today and used as the basic reference across the board is the <strong>UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Within this epoch, there are relatively few significant policy developments specific to or primarily developed for <strong>Global South countries<\/strong>. Those which do exist are limited in content and tend to simply identify the <strong>need to promote youth participation<\/strong> within the context of development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-16018d1d wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-light-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/youthdemocracycohort.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Youth-Political-Participation-Policy-and-litterature-review-1980\u20132023.pdf\" style=\"border-radius:77px;color:#ffffff\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Read the full study<\/strong> \ud83d\udcd6<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:31px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/youthdemocracycohort.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Youth-Political-Participation-Policy-and-litterature-review-1980\u20132023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1400\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/youthdemocracycohort.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Cover-ST-CTA-page-extracted-articles.png\" alt=\"Read the study\" class=\"wp-image-8221\" style=\"width:600px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/youthdemocracycohort.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Cover-ST-CTA-page-extracted-articles.png 1400w, https:\/\/youthdemocracycohort.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Cover-ST-CTA-page-extracted-articles-322x184.png 322w, https:\/\/youthdemocracycohort.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Cover-ST-CTA-page-extracted-articles-161x92.png 161w, https:\/\/youthdemocracycohort.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Cover-ST-CTA-page-extracted-articles-768x439.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1400px) 100vw, 1400px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This content is inspired by The Youth Political Participation Literature and Policy review 1980-2023 &#8211; Epoch I Setting the Scene&#8211; as outlined in the Youth Democracy Cohort&rsquo;s scoping study on youth political participation. The study presents a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of youth-related policies and practices [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":9477,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"story-category":[94],"project-category":[242],"project-region":[311],"story-tag":[110,30],"class_list":["post-9476","storiesprojects","type-storiesprojects","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","story-category-research-content","project-category-wyde-civic-engagement","project-region-north-america","story-tag-research-on-youth-political-participation","story-tag-youth-engagement"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/youthdemocracycohort.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/storiesprojects\/9476","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/youthdemocracycohort.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/storiesprojects"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/youthdemocracycohort.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/storiesprojects"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/youthdemocracycohort.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/storiesprojects\/9476\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9804,"href":"https:\/\/youthdemocracycohort.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/storiesprojects\/9476\/revisions\/9804"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/youthdemocracycohort.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9477"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/youthdemocracycohort.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9476"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"story-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/youthdemocracycohort.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/story-category?post=9476"},{"taxonomy":"project-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/youthdemocracycohort.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project-category?post=9476"},{"taxonomy":"project-region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/youthdemocracycohort.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project-region?post=9476"},{"taxonomy":"story-tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/youthdemocracycohort.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/story-tag?post=9476"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}